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European Physical Education Review
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Alternative sport programmes and social inclusion in Norway

Eivind Åsrum Skille

Hedmark University College, Norway

Ivan Waddington

Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Norway, University of Chester, UK, University College Dublin, Ireland

This article examines the ‘alternative’ sport and physical activities provided by the Sports City Programme (SCP) in Norway, which are designed to attract more young people (especially inactive young people) to take part in physical activities. In particular, it examines whether these ‘alternative’ sports have been more successful than conventional sports in breaking down class and gender-based barriers to participation. The data indicate that the SCP has proved more attractive to working class young people than conventional sport and there is also some evidence that the SCP has had some success in breaking down gender barriers, especially among working class girls. However, one aspect of the SCP - the open sport hall - has generated a pattern of male dominance and female exclusion which is even more unequal than that which characterizes conventional sport. Within the open sport hall, young people are left largely to organize their own activities and it is argued that the relative absence of adult control in the open sport hall has facilitated the development of a distinctively masculine culture which is dominated by the older, stronger males and which marginalizes young females.

Key Words: alternative sport • social inclusion • Norway

European Physical Education Review, Vol. 12, No. 3, 251-271 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1356336X06069273
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